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Mitsubishi Eclipse Turbo
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Quartz Crystal Microbalance
The Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM/QMB) is an extremely sensitive mass sensor, capable of measuring mass changes in the nanogram range [1].
QCMs are piezoelectric devices fabricated from a thin plate of quartz with electrodes affixed to each side of the plate.
A QCM-D (Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring) consists of a thin quartz disc sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
Due to the piezoelectric properties of quartz, it is possible to excite the crystal into oscillation by applying an AC voltage across the electrodes. Changes to this oscillation are directly proportional to mass changes on the crystal [1].
Various sorbent coatings can be used on the crystal surface in order to add element of selectivity to the sensor [2]. A number of different types of sensor operate under similar basic principles, such as "Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW)" and "Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors". Both sensors require an A.C. voltage for configurations/operation. BAW sensors use the electric field in order to excite the quartz crystal to oscillate, and SAW sensors use wave propagation on the surface sensor [1].
a. Manufacturing Process
After being cut along certain crystallographic axis, the thin plates of the single piezoelectric crystal quartz are covered with thin gold electrodes on both sides [4].
The two sides of the crystal are then coated with polymer films. The coating technique could be any of the following [4]:
- Spray coating.
- Growth of Langmuir-Blodgett films.
- Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs).
The coating will provide the conductivity and changing of mass.
b. Sensing Mechanism
The QCM is basically a thin quartz wafer with electrode pads on each side [5].
The QCM oscillates mechanically, when connected to an amplifier.
At the same time the amplifier oscillates electronically, with a certain frequency.
On the surface of the QCM there is a coating of a sensitive chemical. Exposure of which to analyte vapour, cause the molecules of the analyte inter into the coating. The result will be an increase in mass, which causes a slowing in the frequency of oscillation.
QCM are very sensitive to any minute changes in their mass, and for this reason the QCM can measure changes in its frequency to 1 part in 108 [5]. Normal operating frequencies are in the range from 10 to 30 MHz. [4].
Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors (SAW)
As in the QMB (i.e. QMC) this sensor is based on the same principle i.e. when mass changes, frequency changes. The device utilises surface acoustic waves, with a frequency of about 600 MHz [4].
a. Manufacturing Process
Two inter-digital transducers (IDT) are usually made up from thin metal electrodes and fitted on "a polished piezoelectric substrate", located in the centre and enclosed by resonators [4].
The wavelength is determined by the spacing of the IDT fingers.
One of the IDT surfaces will expand and contract when an alternating current applied to it. The movement of the surface generates a wave (some scientists/researchers call it a "Rayleigh Wave"), which will pass through the substrate. A frequency counter located in the IDT receiver will then record the frequency of the wave.
To minimise noise and temperature, as well as lower the frequency to be measured, a dual SAW set up may be constructed, and therefore, the reference signal from the SAW (uncoated) will be mixed with the sensor signal.
b. Sensing Mechanism
The physical properties of the surface can affect the wavelength/frequency of the surface wave itself. A thin layer of polymer coats the substrate, which is located between the two IDTs. The absorption of gas changes the mass of the polymer, and consequently the properties of the sensitive layer. The surface wave is not just affected by the change of mass; it is affected by other factors, such as temperature, pressure, dielectric constant and viscosity.
Smart Sensors
Smart sensors are simply sensors with microprocessors attached to them. When it comes to a system design, a smart sensor can be:
Easier.
Cheaper.
More reliable and more scaleable.
Higher performance.
More rapid to design.
Obviously, these benefits are all obtained when microprocessors or computing resources are embedded on the sensor. Therefore, the processing of data is performed on the spot i.e. within each individual sensor, instead of using a central system controller. In addition to this, ordinary sensors output raw data; but only useful data is produced by a smart sensor. Many of the smart sensors can be easily programmed and/or reprogrammed, thus saving time and expense.
The feasibility of using such kind of sensors in any MOD depends on how small the device will be and on the final application(s), as well as the final cost of the device itself.
Najib Altawell
References
[1] Lee-Davey, J., (2004) "Application Of Machine Olfaction Principles For The Detection Of High
Voltage Transformer Oil Degradation"Cranfield University.
[2] Perera, A., Sundic T., Pardo A., Gutierrez-Osuna R., Marco S., (2002)"A Portable Electronic Nose Based on Embedded PC Technology and GNU/Linux: Hardware, Software and Applications"
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 2, NO. 3, JUNE 2002 235
[3] K. Persaud, G. Dodd, Nature 1982, 299, 352-355.
[4] Nose Office (2003) "NOSE II - The Second Network on Artificial Olfactory Sensing" University of Tuebingen Dec 2003 - Germany
[5] Finklea, H. O., lecture notes ( ) "Gas Phase Sensors"
Department of Chemistry West Virginia University
Morgantown, WV 26506-6045.
© Altawell 2008
Fast and Furious - Cars in Film
When Universal launched the Fast and the Furious series of street racing films, they only expected only a modest return. Although street racing was getting a lot of press attention and the popularity of modified imports were exploding, the movies was never expected to be a blockbuster.
However, the film was an unexpected summer hit. It grossed $40,089,015 on its opening weekend, surpassing the film's $38 million budget. It may have been the media buzz and gear head buzz surrounding the movies that caused an explosion in the box office and gave global insight and curiosity into the supercharged social scene of racing and customizing cars.
Two of the films' stars that caused the movies to thunder in the box office, were the Mazda RX7 and the Mitsubishi Eclipse. One of Japan's largest automotive aftermarket companies, Veilside, built the Mazda RX7 that was later filmed in Fast and Furious to show off its "Fortune" wide-body kit at the 2005 Tokyo Auto Salon. At the time of the show, the car was painted red, and it had everything a show car should - an HKS T04Z single-turbo conversion kit, a massive intercooler shoved under the front bumper, big Rotora brakes, A'PEXi coil-over shocks and vast 19-inch Andrew Evo-V wheels inside P255/30ZR19 front and P305/25ZR19 rear Toyo Proxes radials.
For the Fast & the Furious: Tokyo Drift, the same Mazda RX7 was painted Sunset Orange Pearl and Veilside built three more visual clones, including one that was destined for destruction using a previous Mazda RX7 that had appeared in both previous Fast and Furious movies. One of the cars used in the previous Fast and Furious movie was Dominic Toretto's red RX.
In the sequel to the Fast & Furious, 2 Fast, 2 Furious, the character Roman Pierce was given a new partner in his adventure, the Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder with a Snyper Body Kit. The car was personally picked by John Singleton for Pierce to drive and the car came equipped with a Vortech Supercharger V5 G trim, HKS Blow valve, HKS AFR (fuel management controller), RC engineering 270cc injectors, Boost Variant Fuel Pressure Regulator with Gauge and a Magnecor 8.5mil Competition wires and a license plate that said "H8TER."
The Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder had the most elaborate paint job of any of the cars built for any of the Fast & Furious movies. The patchwork design on the car were not graphics but painted on with House of Kolors paint. It was one of the few cars in the film that wasn't destroyed although a total of four were made for the filming. It is rumored that the car exhaust was swapped with a Subaru WRX.
Like all cars in the Fast & Furious series, both cars were heavily reinforced with a roll cage for bridge jumping. Also there was so much neon lighting used in the cars that a technical specialist whose expertise was in shooting neon on film was kept on set at all times. This obviously cost a lot more and cut into the budget but it made the film authentic.
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Durham Performing Arts
ECU unit for 1993 mitsubishi Eclipse Turbo- Canada?
Can u hoook up a 4G63-turbo with a standard tranny to an auto matic non turbo? although im not using the standard tranny im keepin my auto? cab u switch an all-wheel drive engine to an front wheel drive car? and the ECU can u get a turbo ECU that was an all-wheel drive computer b4 and re hook it to the my front wheel drive car ? email me backif so PLEZ?!?! committed_jock_strap@hotmail.com
dremko@shaw.ca
no, u can't. every engine is tuned for the intended use of that particular car. if you want to use it for the front wheel drive, you would have to tune it to the characteristic of the front wheel drive car. similarly, the ecu is programmed for that particular car unless you want to interrupt and alter the signal so as to suit the car. a good program you could use would be Power Commander. check it out ya!!!
2000 Mitsubishi Eclipse GS from North America - Comments
The engine went out the first year I owned it. This was due to a recall which I hadn't paid attention to (and also wasn't announced by Mitsubishi Motors to the owners...). Also the engine issue was partly my fault- was racing the car often (street).
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