Plug Cylinder Head

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Plug Cylinder Head
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A spark plug is used in every type of gasoline engine. Many people change their own spark plugs. Spark plugs handle the ignition spark that combusts or ignites the engines fuel and moves the piston. Spark plugs have to endure very high temperatures from combustion. Spark plugs also have to handle the spark erosion from the ignition system.

There are many popular brands of spark plugs like champion, ngk, bosch, denso and autolite. Spark plugs can be gapped widely to help burn the mixture in the cylinder, especially if the mixture is lean. Spark plug gap refers to the distance between the little metal piece that hangs below the plug and the center electrode. A lean fuel mixture can not ignite as easily. A wide spark gap is used to jump across more of the chamber mixture and can help induce combustion.

The plug gap can be too wide, especially if the ignition system is weak. This is why race engines use very high power CDI (capacitive discharge ignition) like MSD to ensure good spark. The engine needs more power to jump a wider gap or the high compression of a performance engine. There are many types of spark plugs such as platinum and iridium for longevity because they resist spark erosion (wearing away of metal) better than steel.

Spark plugs have heat ranges that either transfer more heat or contain more. This is accomplished by the design and transferring of heat through the base of the plug. Heat range is either cooled or lowered for use with high compression, turbo or supercharged four stroke engines. This is so that the hot plug won't pre-ignite the mixture causing engine damage.

Many two stroke engines or oil consuming four strokes will have a problem with fouling plugs. If fouling occurs the heat range may need to be increased to keep the oil burned off the plug. Oil on a spark plug will cause it the engine to foul, misfire and run rough. Champion plugs use higher numbers on their plugs to mean that the temperature will be higher. NGK's use the opposite range, higher number means a colder plug.

Most two stroke engines use NGK plugs for their excellent anti-fouling capabilities. Some plugs will also be a p type or projected insulated electrode. Depending on the engine chamber design, this can help to place the actual spark closer to the center of the cylinder head chamber.

Spark plugs are located in the engine's head, under the spark plug wires. The plug wires are easy to spot due to their larger size and location close to the top of the engine. They also come from the engines distributor to the plug. Remove the wire from each plug, and don't forget to place the wire in the same spot that it was first hooked to when finished! Most spark plugs can be removed with either a 13/16" or 5/8" socket. Inspect plugs to see if the electrode (center piece) and the grounding tab still has defined edges or are rounded, eroded and worn out. If worn replace them, this will help fuel mileage and performance.

Although the spark plug gap is different for different engines, most are gapped between .030" and .045". The spark plug gap spec should be located under the hood or on a sticker on recreational vehicles. Use a feeler gauge to measure the plug gap, then tap the electrode closed or gently pry gap wider with a screw driver until the distance is reached. Tighten the spark plug snugly as the sealing washer will compress a little the first time. Always check the small top metal cap on a plug to see that it's screwed on tight.

Jerry Lemke is the author of http://www.freeengineinfo.com. A site commited to repair and knowledge of engines.

Diagnosing A Bad Head Gasket In A Nissan Maxima And Nissan 350Z Engine

A bad head gasket is one of the most costly repairs a car owner may have to make during the life of their vehicle. The head gasket has a very important function in any car, including a Nissan Maxima engine. This gasket is located between the engine block and the cylinder head. The purpose of this part is to seal the cylinders of the Nissan Maxima engine. By sealing these cylinders, the car owner can be assured that they have the maximum compression possible. It is necessary to have proper compression in a car engine to prevent engine coolant or engine oil from leaking into the cylinders of the engine.

The problem with a head gasket comes when the gasket begins to leak. The leak can cause serious damage to a Nissan maxima engine if not replaced or repaired quickly because eventually the leak will cause the head gasket to blow. In a car with a blown head gasket, the car will have less power and idle more roughly than before the gasket blew because of the compression loss associated with this engine problem. Another side effect of a bad head gasket is engine overheating. This is caused by gases from the vehicle's exhaust being forced into the cooling system. Overheating can cause severe and costly engine damage. Due to the loss of compression, coolant from the Nissan Maxima's cooling system can leak into engine's cylinders, causing extreme wear and possibly destruction of the vehicle's catalytic converter, an indispensable piece of the emission control system.

There are a few methods of diagnosing a bad head gasket in a Nissan 350Z engine without taking it to a mechanic. The first sign that a vehicle has a leaky head gasket is in the oil. If the head gasket has been compromised, many times there will be engine coolant in the oil of the vehicle. This will cause the oil to resemble the color and consistency of a chocolate milkshake. This will also show up on the dipstick used for checking the vehicle's engine oil levels.

On the other hand, a faulty head gasket can cause oil to leak into the engine coolant. This will cause the coolant to take on a dark, muddy appearance. This can be seen in the engine coolant reservoir when the cap is removed. One should always remember not to remove this cap while the engine is hot, as escaping steam can cause severe burns.

Another symptom typical of a bad head gasket in a Nissan Maxima engine is low engine coolant. If the car owner is finding that it is necessary to add engine coolant rather frequently, this is a sign that there is a leak somewhere in the cooling system of the vehicle. In the case of a faulty head gasket, the coolant is leaking into the cylinders of the engine. Another sign of this is coolant around the area where the spark plugs are located.

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A Nissan 350z engine with a blown head gasket will also emit engine coolant through the tailpipe. This will cause the vehicle to produce thick white steam while driving, and will not dissipate as the car engine warms up.

Daewoo Cielo DOHC,one cylinder not firing at cold start and start firing after 2 minutes.?

I have a Daewoo Cileo DOHC 1996.Recently 1 cylinder(2nd from right) is not firing at cold start,it start combustion after 2 minutes! I have changed the spark plugs,spark wires,cleaned the injectors(by adding injector cleaner to fuel),even changed the fire timing.But still hte problrm exists.When I open the spark ,it is still wet of fuel,and it sparks very strong to body,So electricity and fuel both all right what else possible?
After 2 minutes after start I have no problrm all cylinders are worhing properly.
Its interesting that at cold start when I disconect the wire from spark plug and hold it around spark plug head (around 1 cm) I see sparks between wire and spark plug head and CYLINDER IS FIRING then!!!!
I think this is an electricity issue but not sure what to do
Pleas help.

It sounds to me like your cold start injector or sensor is on its way out. You see engines today being fuel injected don't have carberators anymore therefore they also no longer have a automatic choke to enrichen the fuel. What they have been replaced with are either a cold start injector and or a cold start sensor. They can have one or both depending on the make and model of vehicle in question. These items replace the automatic choke found on earlier carberated vehicles. It also kinda sounds to me like there is a fuel system issue there as well. By the cylinder not firing this allows the fuel to collect inside of the cylinder there by causing the wet spark plug itself. I had a Dodge Raider that had a simular problem. It would not fire right away like it should have. You would have to crank it for some time then let the starter cool down then crank some more. It would finally start though you didn't dare shut it down cause it wouldn't start again afterwards. I don't remember just what the problem was but it had alot to do with the electric fuel pump.and the fuel pump relay/sensor. So maybe you should check into this.... You may have the same problem with your electric fuel pump and the fuel pump relay/sensor. Hope this helps.

2000 Jeep Cherokee Sport from North America - Comments
Well, It's a long list, so don't let me bore you. Let's start with the smaller things. First of all, it idles too loud, and there is a strong vibration coming from the under the cargo area (sounds like the gas tank).The fuse box door next to the passengers foot keep coming off.

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